Indexing and abstracting services
Abstract: The distribution transformer is a crucial device for transferring electrical power from the national grid to consumer premises. A transformer's sudden fault can disrupt the end user's electricity supply due to its constant exposure to diverse environmental conditions throughout the year. Transformer burning incidents result in utility loss, shutdowns, and local impacts due to inadequate monitoring, affecting hundreds of transformers in medium-sized cities. Therefore, proper monitoring system of distribution transformer is needed which must be smart to transfer data to the control room wirelessly and provide protection by isolating the transformer when detects any hazardous abnormality in measured parameters, which serves as indication of incipient faults such as short circuit, inter-turn, insulation failure, etc. in transformer. It will also enable preventive maintenance resulting in decrement of downtime, maintenance charges and increases the life span of transformer. In this paper, we have developed, and simulated a smart health monitoring and protection system of 2 kVA oil immersed distribution transformer along with its prototype, which successfully monitored the parameters such as oil level, oil temperature, load current, voltage, ambient temperature, and humidity. Protection and isolation have also been provided as any one of the parameters exceeded its predetermined value. Different scenarios have been tested and verified such as overload or short circuit, under voltage, low oil level, high oil temperature with quick response.
Keywords: Smart Monitoring, IOT, Incipient Faults, Distribution Transformer, Protection, Catastrophic Incidents
Abstract: QIn this paper, we deal with a dynamic spectrum allocation framework and effective forecasting for the occupancy of spectrum using the SCM, or spectrum consumption model. SCM is essential for network performance analysis, design, and assessment. The SCM IEEE 1900.5.2 model is used, through which measurement of the spectrum is done. DSA is used to solve the problem of spectrum utilization. So we measure setup and discuss our activities through measurement. To determine the vacant channel of 200 KHz using the duty cycle for DSA, we collected data from different sites, like indoor and outdoor. As a result, we plotted graphs. Each figure has four graphs that show the power spectral density, duty cycle, probability density function, and cumulative distribution function. That shows that 50 percent of the spectrum is utilized.
Keywords: Dynamic spectrum access, spectrum consumption model, duty cycle, power spectral density
Abstract: IGround-mounted PV is used as a renewable source to mitigate the use of fossil fuels, decrease the chances of depletion of fossil fuels globally, and protect the environment from greenhouse gases. But it is resulting in a decrease in crop and agricultural land. As land is an essential part of life, it provides fresh water, food, and many other resources related to ecology. Because of different infrastructures, industrial development, and economic purpose buildings, as well as because of land desertification and degradation of soil, it is expected that cropland may decrease globally. Due to increasing Population and to fulfill the basic needs, it is essential need to take a way which leads towards sustainable solution to meet the energy food and water demand. The combination of Agriculture and Solar PV termed as “Agri-Voltaics “can be the sustainable solution to overcome above problems. This study explores the economic viability of Agri-voltaic systems, focusing on combining tomato cultivation with solar energy generation in Badin District. Two scenarios are compared, with Scenario 2 considering increased tomato yields under solar panels. Results reveal that Scenario 2 surpasses Scenario 1, boasting an impressive internal rate of return (IRR) of 85.67%, a substantial present value (PV) of Rs 13,890,821.67, a net present value (NPV) of Rs 12,390,821.67, and a rapid payback period (PBP) of just 1.17 years. These findings highlight the immense potential of Agri-voltaic systems as a lucrative and sustainable agricultural practice in Badin District, offering simultaneous benefits for food security, renewable energy production, and dual use of land.
Keywords:Agri-voltaics, Dual use of land, Tomatoes, Badin, Solar PV, Techno-Economic Analysis
