Indexing and abstracting services
Abstract: A self-configuring network of mobile nodes with colocation capability and connection over wireless without the use of existing infrastructure is known as a wireless mobile ad-hoc network. Main focus of this paper is the analyzing and comparing behavior of ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) and destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV) routing protocols. An environment of the mobile ad-hoc network has been simulated where UDP user datagram protocol and CBR traffic is used for purpose of real traffic communication. A duplex mode of communication for stress-based pattern has been simulated using CBR traffic flow to facilitate the actual environment at a certain distance from two locations. Further, the effects of different call durations (call stresses) and node connections on the performance of MANET routing protocols are presented. Simulation results show the AODV is scalable in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR) and network performance such as network throughput.
Keywords: MANET; Call stress; Full duplex; UDP; AODV; DSDV
Abstract: Construction industry plays dynamic role to the socio-economic progress of country. It is extremely vibrant industry which generate 11% to 13% of GDP annually all around the world. Construction industry is affected by various unpredictable factors like lack of quality work, lack of labour production, incapability of contractor to manage the site, lack of finance and extreme weather conditions are the key factors leading projects to delay. Delay is chief concern faced by construction industry. It’s affecting the projects by means of time, cost and quality. The causative factor of delay varies for every region of the world. Level of impact also varies from every project, extending from a few days to months or even years. After reviewing the 64 number of research papers 56 number of factors causing delay were identified & top most common factors in different parts of the world causing delay in construction projects are recognized keeping in mind the environment of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The ratio of delay in construction projects is different for developed and developing countries has been also identified. This delay can lead to many negative effects in which it has an adverse influence to the project’s stakeholders particularly clients and contractors such as cost overrun, arbitration, litigation, time overrun, disputes, and fully abandonment of project. Thus, it is always suggested that all team members of construction projects should be capable and educated on factors and effects of delay in order to minimize it.
Keywords: Construction Delay; Unpredictable factors; Causative factors; Effects of delay; Stakeholders
Abstract: Electrical power system, reliability, stability, security and continuous operation is tremendous in nature, it is partitioned in different classifications however real issue and stress to the transient stability which could be expressed as capacity of power system to maintain synchronization while experiencing basic transient troubles, for example like short circuits faults on main transmission lines, sudden generation jerks , tripping or major load loss. Jamshoro Thermal Power Plant simulation model is set up on MATLAB programming with the assistance of Matlabtool particularly by utilizing Sim-Power System applicationbox and the transient dependability of the power plant has been investigated by applying different electrical troubles on diverse areas of power plant. In this work, achieved effective solution and remedies of various issues which were frequently occurs in the power system related to transient stability the result will enhance the reliability of power system.
Keywords: Transient stability; Fault clearing time (FCT); Critical fault clearing time (CFCT); Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault
Abstract: In this paper a model-based approach is used in fault tolerant control (FTC) system to detect, identify and isolate the fault occur in an active suspension system of road vehiclesin order to maintain the ride comfort and vehicle performance in the presence of road disturbances. Quarter car active suspension system is considered in this research work and MATLAB/SIMULINK is used for simulations. In past, much research work has been done on actuator faults, however, this research focuses on the sensor fault occur in an active suspension system.Simulation results have shown the effectiveness and easy implementation of the applied approach to the active suspension system.
Keywords: Quarter Car; Fault tolerant control system; Active suspension; FDI; FTC
Abstract: The current energy crises need the more oil and gas recovery; this demand can be meet with deep drilling. Deep oil and gas well drilling has many issues but one major and predominant issue is increasing temperature of the bore hole during drilling deep well. In most drilling deep wells drilling engineer prefer the oil base drilling fluid. Oil base drilling fluid has more bearing tendency as compare to water base drilling fluid. During the drilling of oil and gas well bore hole temperature effect the two main and important properties of drilling fluid that are density and viscosity of the oil base fluid. Density and viscosity control the other properties that can affect the whole drilling operation. Any changes to these two properties, directly effects Rheological parameter of the drilling fluid like plastic viscosity, yield point and rate of penetration. In this research work two samples of oil based drilling fluid were design having density 9 lb/gal and 11 lb/gal. These two samples of density, viscosity and Rheological properties were determined at different temperature. These properties determine at temperature 77oF, 122oF and 176oF. We observe some change occurs in density, viscosity and Rheological properties of drilling fluid as temperature being increased. Furthermore, Bingham plastic model was used to determine the effect of temperature on penetration rate. It was concluded by this laboratory work that increasing temperature effect the density of the drilling fluid at different temperature. With increasing bore hole depth, the temperature of the well increased it decrease the density of the fluid, that can lead towards the many problem but the major problem is blow out, that can destroy all the drilling operation. Viscosity is also decrease with increasing temperature. It prevents the fluid loss, lubricate the bit and move the formation cutting towards the surface.
Keywords: Temperature; Fluid viscosity; Fluid density; Oil Base Drilling fluid
Abstract: Drilling operation is necessary for extracting the hydrocarbons from sub-surface which indeed requires large investments. Rate of penetration (ROP) and drill bit hydraulics should be optimized during drilling operation which could help in minimizing the operation cost. As the drilling operation is completed, drilling mud and produced cuttings (drilling wastes) are disposed of becausethey contain many harmful chemical substances that not only effect environment but also living life. This study suggest a reuse of an already utilized mud under environmental friendly scenario. The objective of this experimental work is to compose a drilling mud system by utilizing an already used drilling mud which should be capable to minimize the pressure losses caused by mud friction in the mud circulatory system. For this purpose, two fluid samples of density 9.5 lb/gal were prepared in the laboratory. Mud balance was used for measuring the density of prepared samples and a rotational viscometer was used for measuring viscometer dial reading which helped in determining the rheological properties of prepared mud samples. This study showed that reusing drilling mud can help meet environmental regulations. About 42-45 % of used mud is required which will act as an additive into a newly designed drilling mud hence; helps in meeting environmental regulations and minimizing frictional pressure losses. Additionally, the results also showed that the mud sample with minimum rheological properties that is 15 cp of plastic viscosity and yield point up to 4.5 lb/100ft2 was recommended for achieving optimum pressure loss value of 1813.48 psi using jet impact factor criterion. Hence, the mud sample that yield minimum rheological parameter values was recommended as optimum mud compositional concentration
Keywords: Drilling mud; Drilling wastes; Hydraulics; ROP; Mud rheology
Abstract: Low saline water injection has recently gained a wide interest from researchers, oil companies, and governments, who are evaluating the economical and the most effective method to improve the recovery of oil. While field tests laboratory work have pointed out that waterflooding with low-salinity can have positive results on oil recoveries. Up-to-date, researchers have conducted numerous coreflood tests in order to determine the effects of low-salinity waterflooding over rock wettability. The general phenomena accepted is that low-saline water injection effects are caused by rock wettability modification, however the methods involved in this process are static or not fully understood. The aimof this study is to provide information effectively that will help to accelerate the efforts to investigate this effect. In this study, different laboratory observations including the benefits under reservoir conditions, operating conditions to have a positive result of low saline and effects of low-saline waterflooding and its different proposed mechanisms have beenanalyzed.
Keywords: Low Saline water flooding; Wettability alteration; Enhance oil recovery
Abstract: Owing to growing industrialization and consequent upward change in the lifestyle, people are moving away from traditional ways of living and fastly adopting a city lifestyle, paving the way forward for construction of more and more buildings. The increased number of building in cities accounts for an ever increasing demand for energy. Buildings all over the world, consume around 40% of the energy generated by all the available resources. When it comes to meeting the cooling and heating needs of the dwellings in large skyscrapers, buildings in particular are notorious for devouring the lion’s share of the electricity supplied by the grid. Efforts in this regard are being made to reduce the net energy consumption by buildings and this area of study concerning management of energy in buildings has been one of the most attractive topics for researchers all around the world, specially the 1st world countries, where the number of tall structures is relatively higher than those in rest of the other countries. The intricate and costly piping configurations of HVAC system, industrial and chemical process plant are the main source of transporting heat energy. Therefore, considerable amount of energy is wasted in pipelines due to improper use of thermal insulation material and thickness. The use of thermal insulation in HVAC system is considered as energy conservation measure, as it not only reduces energy consumption but also abates polluting products. One of the most effective tools in achieving this objective is using properly designed insulation with a careful deliberation over optimizing its thickness in a cost-effective, environmentally-friendly and energy-saving perspective. In this research, focus has been put over experimental investigation of the optimal thickness of thermal insulation over ducts and pipes of varying diameters, and its effect on maintaining thermally comfortable atmosphere or change in temperature inside a building / conduit. At the end of experimental and mathematical studies of the Optimum insulation thickness, it was concluded that net cost of energy for the air-conditioning system was calculated to be 15.53 % whereas Conditioned Space Parameters were reduced from 24 to 21 degree centograde.
Keywords: Insulation Thickness; HVAC; Buildings Energy Management; Air-conditioning
Abstract: In a network there are two or more than two devices, each device can communicate with each other depending upon the topology used. For instance, in a simple point to point topology only two devices can communicate with each other and in mesh topology each device can communicate with each other device. If a new device joins the network, it notifies the coordinator using hand shake mechanism. The same technique is applied in a way that whenever a vehicle (represented by a node) enters in a network, it becomes a part of it. Just like cars have different registration numbers, each node in a network have a unique MAC address. Whenever there is a new device join the network or in our case vehicle comes in to the range of other vehicles then a notification is created to inform all other members of the network. Traffic jam is caused due to heavy number of vehicles on road and the number of vehicles on road is increasing day by day. It becomes very important to organize the traffic flow on a road with extremely intelligent manner. The nodes in the network take intelligent decisions to avoid the route having traffic jam. This paper is about traffic monitoring system using ad-hoc networking to efficiently control the traffic on roads and avoid any type of accident or other mishaps.
Keywords: Adhoc Networking; Traffic Monitoring System; ITCS; ITS; DSRC
Abstract: An ordinary robot those can be seen in market are helpful but still there is a great space available for further research. This paper is proposing a new type of robot which would be controlled by human. The robot being proposed would be completely controlled by human mind. Paper mainly proposes a methodology of controlling of robot’s motion by the interface of brain and computer system that would be embedded in robot. Intel Computer stick is proposed to be used to achieve the embedded system. Signal classification scheme is recommended, and those signals are captured using EPOC nerve gear. The classifier being used for the purpose is Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA). The results being achieved by the methodology proved to be efficient enough to be deployed in daily lives of human.
Keywords: Mind-Controlled; EPOC; Brain Computer Interface (BCI); Filters, Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA); Mean; Co-Variance
