Abstract: In this paper, the two works are presented, one work is comparative analysis of PID and fuzzy logic controllers using Matlab Simulink and other work is the FPGA based design of PID controller for DC-DC buck converter. In the first works, PID controller which is designed using Xilinx system generator (XSG) is easy to design and can be tested for its hardware use with the help of hardware co-simulation as compare to the Matlab Simulink based designed fuzzy logic controller. The fuzzy logic controller better has rise time, settling time and lower overshoot. The other work is hardware co-simulation of PID controller for a DC-DC converter, in which we use NEXYS3 Spartan6 FPGA device and verify the DC-DC buck converter result using that FPGA device. Furthermore, Spartan6 and virtex5 are compared using parameters area performance, resource utilization and power consumptions with the help of using XILINX ISE design suite14.7. This work results in Virtex5 use less resource utilization as compared to the Spartan6 so Virtex5 is more efficient and it consumes less power and is more efficient as compared to Spartan6 as shown in results. The other advantage of using FPGA based PID controller over the fuzzy logic controller that its hardware implementation is very beneficial simple and less time-consuming and can be tested without providing any loss to the system.
Keywords: Xilinx system generator (XSG); FPGA; PID controller; DC-DC buck converter; Hardware Co-simulation
Abstract: Energy generation by safe, secure, environment friendly and economical source is prime matter for the world. Since the world is moving towards achievement of the Paris summit agreement goals and Kyoto protocol targets, many of the countries are in transposition phase from fossil fuel based generation to renewable energy generation. Pakistan is developing country having the severe issues regarding electricity shortfall, load shedding, load management and green house gases emissions. Pakistan is solar rich country having potential of 2.9 million MW almost entire land of country is feasible for the generation of electricity through photovoltaic system and can be the solution to cater electricity problems. This study analyze the 5kw photovoltaic system at various sites of Pakistan such as Karachi, Sukkur, Bahawalpur and Quetta, the analysis examine electricity generation, green house gases emissions reduction and financial terms, using RETScreen simulation software. Photovoltaic system performance analysis is weather data dependent which is imported by RETScreen software using NASA database system. According to RETScreen simulation results, the electricity generated annually at Quetta, Sukkur, Bahawalpur and Karachi are 9327kwh, 8743kwh, 8516kwh, 8638 kWh, respectively. The green house gases emission reduction results are 3.816 tco_2 for Quetta, 3.577〖 tco〗_2 for Sukkur, 3.4841 〖 tco〗_2 for Bahawalpur, 3.5338 〖 tco〗_2 for Karachi. The financial analysis reveals the results for simple payback time in the range of 7 to 7.7 years and equity payback time is in the range of 3.5 to 4.3 years. As per comparative analysis of the sites, Quetta site is proposed site over Sukkur, Bahawalpur, and Karachi whereas Bahawalpur site less suited site over Quetta, Karachi, and Sukkur in all three sections of energy generation, tco_2 reduction and financial terms. The implementation of Photovoltaic system will be beneficial in curing the issue of energy shortfall and carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan.
Keywords: Photovoltaic system; Green house gases emission; Payback time; Retscreen ; Renewable energies
Abstract: The technique proposed in this paper is to analyze yaw, longitudinal and lateral dynamics for Railway Wheelset Model. As there is a growing need of algorithms to estimate real time non-linear applications. The intricacy and nonlinear nature of the model encounter parameters like orientation, axial velocity, and adhesive forces. To make a real time performance analysis concerned with creeping forces, Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is involved that linearizes the non- linear behavior of railway wheelset. Furthermore, Creep-Friction characteristics curves are evaluated on MATLAB Simulink to approach the best optimal solution so as to prevent accidents in locomotive applications. The proposed framework justifies implementation with accuracy, cost effectiveness, less complexity and efficient solution for adhesive forces in railway wheelset.
Keywords: Extended Kalman Filters; Creep forces; Railway Wheelset, Simulink-MATLAB
Abstract: Mono crystalline material at low temperature or standard temperature work very good, and performance ratio is very good but when temperature increase the performance of mono crystalline material is decrease especial in month of Jun and July. The performance ratio of mono is 71% throughout year at Jamshoro condition,+96.5% module efficiency from an irradiance of 1000w/m to 200w/m(AM 1.5, 25). The performance ratio of mono crystalline is 71.3%, but the performance ratio is decrease in month of May, Jun, July due temperature changes module conversion efficiency of thin film is 12.5% and the performance ratio is 78.% in Jamshoro climatic condition cost of poly crystalline material in Jamshoro condition is 75 per watt with hybrid system and 65 with on grid system, life cycle of poly crystalline material 40 years, in Pakistan.
Keywords: Photovoltaic technology, simulation, pvsyst, performance, incident irradiance, conversation efficiency
Abstract: Text classification is a technique of categorizing the document in to predefined classes on the basis of its contents. Text classification is easy for human being but it’s still a challenging task for machine. There are many models presented for text classification but it is still a major area of research and needs further refinement.The aim of the study was to improve the accuracy of TF-IDF weighting scheme and analyze the effectiveness of Bayesian email spam classifier in classifying Mobile SMS into different categories like Greetings, urgent, harassing, etc. The study has been conducted in two phases. The training phase, in which the classifier was trained with 5574 SMSs. Preprocessing was done in which different techniques were applied like shorthand completion technique to replace short words with its full form, Tokenization, stop words were removed, stemming technique was applied, N-grams were generated, Vector space model was created and finally the output was given to classifier. In the second phase the classifier was tested with the testing data set of 852 SMSs and the results were obtained. Multinomial Naïve Bayesian classifier was used to categorize the new SMS into the suitable category. The classifier gave more promising results with the True Positive rate of 93.77%. The overall accuracy obtained for the system was 93.74% with the precision of 94.03%.
Keywords: SMS, Text Classification, Naïve Bayesian, TF-IDF, Multinomial
Abstract: Microgrids with renewable energy resources are increasing rapidly around the world. The best solution for existing problems in electrical power generation is offered by hybrid AC and DC microgrid, especially for the standalone small network. It combines two or more power sources to work coincidentally or when just one is available according to specified scenario. In this paper AC and DC microgrid with Solar-Wind hybrid generation are compared in terms of bus voltages and efficiency. Utility supply or quick start diesel generator is considered as an isolated backup. Simulation models for both AC and DC microgrid are developed in Electrical Transient and Analysis Program software (ETAP). DC microgrids, in general, offer advantages over AC counterparts but it depends upon the configuration of the microgrid and type of load connected.
Keywords: Microgrid, AC Microgrid, DC Microgrid, Hybrid system, PV Solar Unit, Wind generation.
Abstract:Wireless Communication has attained rapid development in every field of communication science and technology. It has changed and revolutionized many applications and brought innovative changes in respective applications. There have been always upcoming demands for high data rates because of user demand and bandwidth hungry wireless devices. Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) addresses the issue of high data rates and achieve unique diversity by using same bandwidth and power, allowing system to transmit more data bits. Coding schemes are used to handle multiple users in MIMO systems. Dirty Paper Coding is a nonlinear technique that achieves MIMO Broadcast Channel capacity but the complexity of this scheme makes it difficult to implement. In contrast, there are some linear pre-coding techniques such as channel inversion and zero-forcing pre-coding which are easier to implement and perform well but these techniques are not capacity achieving. This leads to investigation of other nonlinear pre-coding methods like Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding and Vector Perturbation Pre-coding (VPP) which can achieve performance close to DPC. This paper analyzes the performance of DPC, Zero-forcing Beamforming and Vector Perturbation Pre-coding in terms of Sum rate and compares the effect of increase in number of antennas on each technique.
Keywords: MIMO systems, Broadcast channel, Precoding, Dirty Paper Coding, Vector Perturbation Precoding
Abstract: The project make use of Raspberry Pi2 a pocket size computer to propose and demonstrate an Display notice board that will display a JAVA SWING application on the screen which is divided into different sections like images, slider images and a notification bar with date and time and it will be controlled by our website. This report begins with the background technologies and motivation behind the project, and takes the reader through the concrete details of the project components both hardware and software, their basic workflow, structure and operation of the project as whole, conclusion, and finally the future work that can be carried out by taking this project as a foundation. Proper references have been given where some external resource has been exploited, program listings have been admitted in the report for a better understand, and last but not least, all programs and source-code material has been included on a DVD that accompanies the report.
Keywords: Raspberry Pi2; GSM SIM 900A; Java Swing; Website; Notice Board
Abstract: When globally assessing the cities in term of attraction and aesthetics the Key features take into account is the existence of civic facilities for instance urban parks and playgrounds and accessibility to these parks accessibility in term of road, socio economic parameters, such as population density group level. In urbanized areas the importance of green spaces public parks has been gradually recognized. Cities in the world are growing and the world population is increasing day by day. In this research an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) frame work was used as a Multi Criteria Conclusion approach with geographic information system (GIS) to indicate different parameters for selection suitable sites for public parks. Selection of optimal site land suitability model was applied to pick suitable land for public parks. Calculating the weight from alternative scenarios asked by different experts, computed weights were inserted into ArcGIS through Spatial Analyst tool created different land suitability maps and different sites for public parks within city boundaries. At last the findings were made and suggested suitable land for public parks.
Keywords: Security; Strategies; Cyber Measures; Factors; Barriers