ESTIRJ Volume 4, Issue 3 Sept 2020
Paper 1: A SIMPLIFIED CHLORIDE DIFFUSION CO-EFFICIENT MODEL (1-5)
Abstract: Concrete exposed to chloride environment such as Marine and Cold Regions experience Chloride Ingress. Chloride Diffusion in concrete is concentration dependent process. Generally chloride ions move from higher concentration to lower concentration. Chloride ion concentration wen accumulates to a threshold level on the surface of steel in concrete; it causes steel de-passivation and ultimately process of corrosion starts. Chloride diffusion modeling is generally done using Fick’s second law of diffusion. For tis purpose a number of diffusion models are available, which mainly dependent on ageing factors. A new simplified model has been developed which consider the decreasing effect of chloride diffusion over time period. This simplified diffusion model mainly depends on the decrease of diffusion of chloride ions rate over time based on up-dated ageing factor.
Keywords: Durability; Marine and Cold Regions Concrete; Chloride Diffusion in concrete; Chloride diffusion modeling; Corrosion
Paper 2: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATURAL AND LABORATORY CHLORIDE DIFFUSION IN CONCRETE (6-10)
Abstract: Concrete is tested in laboratory to get surface chloride content and chloride diffusion co-efficient (D). Generally specimen is cured for 28-days and tested for diffusion. Diffusion co-efficient (D) obtained in this way is used for prediction of service life. Concrete is exposed to natural environment during its service life. So, concrete exposed to two environments performs differently. So, to overcome this variation in two different concretes as in laboratory and in natural environment a relationship is essential to find, which relates laboratory tested concrete with concrete in natural environment. So, in present study, data about laboratory tested concrete and concrete placed in natural environment and tested has been collected. Using this data, a relationship between laboratory cured and tested concrete and concrete placed in natural environment and tested. So, this relationship helps to understand the variation between two concretes. Also this relationship may be used, with concrete initially cured and tested in laboratory and then it is expected to be placed in natural environment.
Keywords: Chloride diffusion; Structural concrete; Service life; chloride diffusion; Ageing Factor
Paper 3: SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES OF PAKISTAN (11-18)
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to demonstrate if sustainable supply chain practices can lead to a positive corporate performance. Usually in literature, research has emphasized internal efficiency over external effectiveness. This research explores two internal and two external management variables. Furthermore, the implications of Sustainable Supply Chain Management incorporation as regards to its related internal and external practices have not been explored in the literature with regards to developing countries and small and medium enterprises context. It is also noted that recognition of the economic benefits obtained from sustainability programs implemented can have great managerial and practical implications but needs more evidences. SEM PLS approach is used for analysis whereby a theoretical model is adapted from previously published research. A purposive multi-industry approach to sampling was adopted to select environmental friendly firms. After validity and reliability of data, the sample was analysed using structural equation modelling for relationship effects. Firms can learn from the results to align their stance towards sustainable advancements as a competitive advantage.
Keywords: Sustainable supply chain management; structural equation modelling; sustainable advancement; competitive advancement; Small and Medium Enterprises
Paper 4: ASSESSMENT OF AGEING FACTORS: CASE OF FLY (19-30)
Abstract: In concrete, binding materials are used such as Ordinary Portland Cement. To enhance concrete properties additional cements such as Fly Ash is used. Fly Ash enhances chloride resistance of concrete. Bridge structures are built in land and sea environment. In both environments, when bridge structures exposed to de-icing slats experience chloride ingress. Continuous process of chloride diffusion causes corrosion of steel embedded in concrete. In such cases it is important to predict the corrosion start time. So, that it may be monitored properly. Also repair strategy may be applied timely. The process of diffusion is difficult to monitor over a long time. So, using ageing factors it is predicted for a time under study. The ageing factor if accurate can predict more accurately diffusion over time. A number of available ageing factors in literature raises question, that which ageing factor is more correct to be applied for prediction. For this purpose available ageing factors have been assessed. In present study, a chloride diffusion and ageing factor for bridge structures has been developed. So, it will be helpful to predict the corrosion start time of concrete used in bridges.
Keywords: Reinforced Concrete, Chloride Diffusion, Ageing Factor, Bridge Structures, Service Life Models
Paper 5: D-STATCOM based Voltage Sag mitigation in Distribution Feeder under Balanced and Unbalanced Conditions (24-30)
Abstract: : This paper presents an inclusive study and application of Distribution Static Compensator, D-STATCOM for mitigation of voltage sags in 11-kV Distribution Feeder under balanced, unbalanced and faulty conditions. Voltage sag is an acute power quality issue that generates series of problems for both utilities and consumers equally at the same time. D-STATCOM is a shunt connected technique that is employed to improve the voltages by counterbalancing the reactive power. The basic strategy behind use of D-STATCOM is that; this device dynamically injects a current of desired amplitude, frequency and phase into the line. The proposed technique generates a reference signal that is intended to be penetrated into system, at the point of common connection; PCC-in a way to reduce the voltage sags. This technique offers simple structure and less complex calculation. Through detailed Simulation results, it is found that D-STATCOM maintains required voltages against sags and any other distortion and unbalance in the system caused by external or internal phenomena.
Keywords: D-STATCOM, power quality, reactive power, VSC, PCC.
Paper 6: Power Quality Enhancement of Grid Integrated Wind based AC Microgrid using DSTATCOM (31-39)
Abstract: : Microgrid system that links many distributed power generations into a single network services partially or fully the energy demands of users provides advantages of lesser energy costs, increased efficiency, better environmental performance and local power reliability. The increase of wind based local energy generation with latest technologies, especially; battery energy storage system has been significantly increased. Still, the power quality and voltage regulation lag behind this progress, creating multiple power quality problems for end users. This white paper inclusively focuses on mitigating power quality issues in wind based microgrids due to vulnerable nature of wind and integration of wind power into grid system. When wind power is added to grid, it affects the performance of existing system. In this paper, VSC based DSTATCOM with battery energy storage is introduced as a power quality enhancing technique for grid tied wind based microgrid. The PLL based PI controllers are used for fast switching of IGBTs. The proposed strategy mainly relies on reactive power exchange for loads and wind energy system. Through this method, distribution system will be able to securely manage the stability and resiliency. The proposed methodology is simulated in using MATLAB/Simulink software. The proposed technique has relatively high switching response against faulty operation and higher accuracy.
Keywords: Microgrid; DSTATCOM; BESS; PI controller; PLL; IGBTs.
Paper 7: Power Quality Enhancement of Grid Integrated Wind based AC Microgrid using DSTATCOM (40-48)
Abstract: :Organizations have received as late ERP and PC research and data framework of fruitful collaboration with the management of research. Crop throughput over a reduced cost of store network during periods of tremendous interest to invent, decreased costs and improved commodities and stocks continued expansion in the scope of items with the administration. This study focuses on the ERP Exam cram for the middle name of the firms. With respect to the benefits of ERP should be possible to close our market will show the real information to highlight the true image about. Several organizations themselves cannot meet their business goals as the truth, mainly because the framework is not fully used for the most part. How to learn the success of customers is fundamental to use the ERP framework. This is particularly important, many-sided quality and thoroughness, ERP Framework to light up the client and always new skills to real.
Keywords: ERP; Firms; Frameworks; collaboration; Fundamental
Paper 8: Research Issues and Challenges on Big Data: A Survey(49-54)
Abstract: : In advanced world, information is produced from different sources, because of this advancement in everywhere the big data growth is the main big issue. It is analyzed from all fields with the large amount of data. The big data are structured, semi structures and unstructured forms in different bytes like terabyte, petabytes and hex bytes. The big data create through 5V’s which refers to volume, velocity, variety, value and the last one is veracity. In this paper, authors provide a survey on big data and its challenges and also discuss in detail the security issue related to big data processing. It is also explain the different types of tools which are used to process the data in different types of network.
Keywords: Data,5Vs,securityissues,chanllenges,network.
Paper 9: EFFECT OF BLADE SWEEP ANGLE WITH BLADE PITCH ANGLE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WELLS TURBINE (55-60)
Abstract: : The Wells turbine for wave energy conversions has been computed numerically. Wells turbine is a part for the effective experimental wave energy transmitter the Oscillating water column (OWC). The effect of pitch and sweep angles of blade for standard profile NACA0025 airfoil have been considered to improve the aerodynamically overall efficiency of Wells turbine. Optimum design proposed to increase overall efficiency, peak torque coefficient, difference of pressure and mass flow coefficient with velocities. This research aims to analyze the result of pitch angle and sweep angle taking place the overall performance for Wells turbine. The torque coefficient and the consistent efficiency are the basic independent parts, which are take full advantage of mechanical devices depend on on renewable energy. Oscillating axial force and tangential force are basic feature that even by the cyclic airflow.
Keywords: Wells Turbine, Pitch Angle, Sweep Angle, Simulation, Airfoil Design
ISSN: (e) 2520-7393
(P) 2521-5027
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